Aurora Quick Start (EVM)
Aurora Quick Start (EVM)
Aurora is a next-generation Ethereum compatible blockchain and ecosystem that runs on the NEAR Protocol, and powers the innovations behind Aurora Cloud—the fastest path for Web2 businesses to capture the value of Web3.
Since SubQuery fully supports NEAR and Aurora, you can index data from both execution environments in the same SubQuery project and into the same dataset.
The goal of this quick start guide is to index transfers and approvals for the Wrapped NEAR smart contract on NEAR Aurora.
In the earlier Quickstart section , you should have taken note of three crucial files. To initiate the setup of a project from scratch, you can proceed to follow the steps outlined in the initialisation description.
Please initialise a NEAR Network project. Now, let's move forward and update these configurations.
Note
The final code of this project can be found here.
Your Project Manifest File
The Project Manifest file is an entry point to your project. It defines most of the details on how SubQuery will index and transform the chain data.
For EVM chains, there are three types of mapping handlers (and you can have more than one in each project):
- BlockHanders: On each and every block, run a mapping function
- TransactionHandlers: On each and every transaction that matches optional filter criteria, run a mapping function
- LogHanders: On each and every log that matches optional filter criteria, run a mapping function
Important
We use Ethereum packages, runtimes, and handlers (e.g. @subql/node-ethereum, ethereum/Runtime, and ethereum/*Handler) for NEAR Aurora. Since Aurora is a EVM implementation on NEAR, we can use the core Ethereum framework to index it.
As we are indexing all transfers and approvals for the Wrapped NEAR smart contract, the first step is to import the contract abi definition which can be obtained from here. Copy the entire contract ABI and save it as a file called erc20.abi.json in the /abis directory.
This section in the Project Manifest now imports all the correct definitions and lists the triggers that we look for on the blockchain when indexing.
Since we are indexing all transfers and approvals for the Wrapped NEAR smart contract, you need to update the datasources section as follows:
{
dataSources: [
{
kind: EthereumDatasourceKind.Runtime, // We use ethereum runtime since NEAR Aurora is a layer-2 that is compatible
startBlock: 42731897, // Block with the first interaction with NEAR https://explorer.aurora.dev/tx/0xc14305c06ef0a271817bb04b02e02d99b3f5f7b584b5ace0dab142777b0782b1
options: {
// Must be a key of assets
abi: "erc20",
address: "0xC42C30aC6Cc15faC9bD938618BcaA1a1FaE8501d", // this is the contract address for wrapped NEAR https://explorer.aurora.dev/address/0xC42C30aC6Cc15faC9bD938618BcaA1a1FaE8501d
},
assets: new Map([["erc20", { file: "./abis/erc20.abi.json" }]]),
mapping: {
file: "./dist/index.js",
handlers: [
{
handler: "handleTransaction",
kind: EthereumHandlerKind.Call, // We use ethereum runtime since NEAR Aurora is a layer-2 that is compatible
filter: {
// The function can either be the function fragment or signature
// function: '0x095ea7b3'
// function: '0x7ff36ab500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
function: "approve(address spender, uint256 rawAmount)",
},
},
{
handler: "handleLog",
kind: EthereumHandlerKind.Event,
filter: {
// address: "0x60781C2586D68229fde47564546784ab3fACA982"
topics: [
//Follows standard log filters https://docs.ethers.io/v5/concepts/events/
"Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 amount)",
],
},
},
],
},
},
],
}
The above code indicates that you will be running a handleTransaction and handlelog mapping function whenever there is an approve or Transfer log on any transaction from the Wrapped NEAR contract.
Note
Check out our Manifest File documentation to get more information about the Project Manifest (project.ts) file.
Update Your GraphQL Schema File
The schema.graphql file determines the shape of your data from SubQuery due to the mechanism of the GraphQL query language. Hence, updating the GraphQL Schema file is the perfect place to start. It allows you to define your end goal right at the start.
Remove all existing entities and update the schema.graphql file as follows. Here you can see we are indexing block information such as the id and the blockHeight along with addresses such as to, from, owner and spender, along with the contract address and value as well.
type Transaction @entity {
id: ID! # Transaction hash
txHash: String
blockHeight: BigInt
to: String!
from: String!
value: BigInt!
contractAddress: String!
}
type Approval @entity {
id: ID! # Transaction hash
value: BigInt!
owner: String!
spender: String!
contractAddress: String!
}
Note
Importantly, these relationships can not only establish one-to-many connections but also extend to include many-to-many associations. To delve deeper into entity relationships, you can refer to this section. If you prefer a more example-based approach, our dedicated Hero Course Module can provide further insights.
SubQuery simplifies and ensures type-safety when working with GraphQL entities, smart contracts, events, transactions, and logs. The SubQuery CLI will generate types based on your project's GraphQL schema and any contract ABIs included in the data sources.
yarn codegen
npm run-script codegen
This action will generate a new directory (or update the existing one) named src/types. Inside this directory, you will find automatically generated entity classes corresponding to each type defined in your schema.graphql. These classes facilitate type-safe operations for loading, reading, and writing entity fields. You can learn more about this process in the GraphQL Schema section.
It will also generate a class for every contract event, offering convenient access to event parameters, as well as information about the block and transaction from which the event originated. You can find detailed information on how this is achieved in the EVM Codegen from ABIs section. All of these types are stored in the src/types/abi-interfaces and src/types/contracts directories.
You can conveniently import all these types:
import { Approval, Transaction } from "../types";
import {
ApproveTransaction,
TransferLog,
} from "../types/abi-interfaces/Erc20Abi";
Check out the GraphQL Schema documentation to get in-depth information on schema.graphql file.
Now that you have made essential changes to the GraphQL Schema file, let’s proceed ahead with the Mapping Function’s configuration.
Add a Mapping Function
Mapping functions define how blockchain data is transformed into the optimised GraphQL entities that we previously defined in the schema.graphql file.
Navigate to the default mapping function in the src/mappings directory. You will be able to see three exported functions: handleBlock, handleLog, and handleTransaction. Replace these functions with the following code:
import { Approval, Transaction } from "../types";
import {
ApproveTransaction,
TransferLog,
} from "../types/abi-interfaces/Erc20Abi";
import assert from "assert";
export async function handleLog(log: TransferLog): Promise<void> {
logger.info(`New transfer transaction log at block ${log.blockNumber}`);
assert(log.args, "No log.args");
const transaction = Transaction.create({
id: log.transactionHash,
txHash: log.transactionHash,
blockHeight: BigInt(log.blockNumber),
to: log.args.to,
from: log.args.from,
value: log.args.value.toBigInt(),
contractAddress: log.address,
});
await transaction.save();
}
export async function handleTransaction(tx: ApproveTransaction): Promise<void> {
logger.info(`New Approval transaction at block ${tx.blockNumber}`);
assert(tx.args, "No tx.args");
const approval = Approval.create({
id: tx.hash,
owner: tx.from,
spender: await tx.args[0],
value: BigInt(await tx.args[1].toString()),
contractAddress: tx.to,
});
await approval.save();
}
The handleTransaction function receives a tx parameter of type ApproveTransaction which includes transaction log data in the payload. We extract this data and then save this to the store using the .save() function (Note that SubQuery will automatically save this to the database).
Check out our Mappings documentation to get more information on mapping functions.
Note
For more information on mapping functions, please refer to our Mappings documentation.
Build Your Project
Next, build your work to run your new SubQuery project. Run the build command from the project's root directory as given here:
yarn build
npm run-script build
Important
Whenever you make changes to your mapping functions, you must rebuild your project.
Now, you are ready to run your first SubQuery project. Let’s check out the process of running your project in detail.
Whenever you create a new SubQuery Project, first, you must run it locally on your computer and test it and using Docker is the easiest and quickiest way to do this.
Run Your Project Locally with Docker
The docker-compose.yml file defines all the configurations that control how a SubQuery node runs. For a new project, which you have just initialised, you won't need to change anything.
However, visit the Running SubQuery Locally to get more information on the file and the settings.
Run the following command under the project directory:
yarn start:docker
npm run-script start:docker
Note
It may take a few minutes to download the required images and start the various nodes and Postgres databases.
Query your Project
Next, let's query our project. Follow these three simple steps to query your SubQuery project:
Open your browser and head to
http://localhost:3000.You will see a GraphQL playground in the browser and the schemas which are ready to query.
Find the Docs tab on the right side of the playground which should open a documentation drawer. This documentation is automatically generated and it helps you find what entities and methods you can query.
Try the following queries to understand how it works for your new SubQuery starter project. Don’t forget to learn more about the GraphQL Query language.
# Write your query or mutation here
{
query {
transactions(first: 2, orderBy: BLOCK_HEIGHT_ASC) {
totalCount
nodes {
id
txHash
blockHeight
to
from
value
contractAddress
}
}
}
}
You will see the result similar to below:
{
"data": {
"query": {
"transactions": {
"totalCount": 1,
"nodes": [
{
"id": "0x44e9396155f6a90daaea687cf48c309128afead3be9faf20c5de3d81f6f318a6-5",
"txHash": "0x9fd50776f133751e8ae6abe1be124638bb917e05",
"value": "12373884174795780000"
},
{
"id": "0x44e9396155f6a90daaea687cf48c309128afead3be9faf20c5de3d81f6f318a6-5",
"txHash": "0x9fd50776f133751e8ae6abe1be124638bb917e05",
"value": "12373884174795780000"
}
]
}
}
}
}
What's next?
Congratulations! You have now a locally running SubQuery project that accepts GraphQL API requests for transferring data.
Tip
Find out how to build a performant SubQuery project and avoid common mistakes in Project Optimisation.
Click here to learn what should be your next step in your SubQuery journey.